9. Grammar
ᦀᦲᧉʔii³500nounthis thing; like thisᦵᦣᧆ ᦀᦲᧉ ᦶᦙᧃᧈ ᦣᦱᧈ?Is this the right thing to do?ᦎᧂᧉ ᦶᦎᧈ ᦵᦙᦲᧈ ᦵᦣᧃ ᦷᦎ ᦓᧃᧉ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦵᦖᦲᧃ ᦀᦲᧉ ᦵᦠᦲᧃᧉ.Since the time they went to school it had been like this.ᦉᧂ ᧞ ᦀᧁ ᦷᦆ ᦙᦱ ᦜᦻ ᦉᧄᧈ ᦀᦲᧉ ᦣᦱ?Why have you brought us so much stuff?ᦟᧅ ᦂ ᦶᦑᧉ ᦖᦱᧅ ᦃ ᦶᦐᧆ ᦓᦲᦰ ᦵᦖᦲᧃ ᦀᦲᧉ ᦣᦱᧈ?Are pineapples really like this?9.2.3.5Demonstrative pronounsᦀᦲᧇᧈᦀᦲᧉᦌᦲᧄᦌᦲ
ᦶᦀᧇ1ʔæp²5001verb (transitive)to stay with; be a companion to; accompanyᦃᧁ ᧒ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦉᦴᧉ ᦵᦍᦲᧄ ᧞ ᦶᦀᧇ ᦂᧃ ᦺᦡᧉ ᦞᧃ ᧚.They were both happy and stayed together for the day.ᦶᦀᧇ ᦅᦳᧃ ᦃᧅ ᦙᧃ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦋᦱᧂᧈ ᦆᦱᧃᧉ.If you stay with a diligent person you can't be lazy.᧒ ᦷᦕ ᦵᦙ ᦣᧇ ᦀᧁ ᦶᦙᧈ ᦏᧁᧉ ᦙᦱ ᦊᦴᧈ ᦵᦣᦲᧃ ᦶᦀᧇ.The couple took the old woman to live in their house with them.7.2.5Accompany2prepositionwithᦙᧃ ᦵᦙᦲ ᦷᦉᧃ ᦕᧅ ᦶᦀᧇ ᦶᦙᧈ. She went to the garden with her mother.9.5.2.2With, be with9.5.2.3With, do with someoneᦉᦴᧉᦶᦀᧇ
ᦶᦀᧇ2ʔæp²1nounbasket with a tight fitting lid for cooked glutinous riceᦐᦽᧈ 35.2.1.4Food storage2classifierclassifier for basketfuls9.2.6.1Classifiersᦃᧁᧉᦶᦀᧇ
ᦵᦀᦲᧂᦵᦀᦲᧂʔɤŋ¹ʔɤŋ¹post-verbcompletelyᦒᦲ ᦐᦱᧉ ᦙᦱ ᦑᦲᧈ ᦺᦐ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦷᦖᧆ ᦵᦀᦲᧂ ᦵᦀᦲᧂ.In the future everything will be completely gone.9.3.2Completely
ᦀᦻᧉ1ʔaaj³5001nounmanᦀᦻᧉ ᦊᦸᧅ ᦙᦹᧂ.You stupid man.ᦀᦻᧉ ᦃᦲᧉ ᦆᦱᧃᧉ.A lazy man.ᦀᦻᧉ ᦉᧇ ᦔ ᦟᦲᧉ ᦋᦲᧉ ᦈᦸᧅᧈ.A crafty man.ᦀᦻᧉ ᦗᦸᧈ ᦅᦱᧉ ᦁᦳᧂ ᦀᦱᧆ.A haughty merchant man.2.6.5.1Man2nounterm of address for men and boys. [Note: ᦀᦻᧉ is part of a man's name unless there is some other title such as 'monk' or 'king'.]ᦀᦻᧉ ᦆᧄ.Ai Xam (Mr Xam).9.6.3.4Markers of direct address ᦀᦻᧉᦈᦻᧈᦇᦹᧃᦀᦻᧉᦋᦻᦀᦻᧉᦓᦱᧉᦀᦻᧉᦗᦲᧈᦀᦻᧉᦷᦜᧂᦀᦻᧉᦵᦜᦲᦅᧄᦀᦻᧉᦢᦱᧁᧈᦗᦸᧈᦀᦻᧉ
ᦀᦽʔoj¹exclamationoh! exclamation of surprise or annoyanceᦀᦽ, ᦟᦹᧄ ᦐᦲᧉ.Oh, I forgot something!3.4.1.3Surprise9.2.7Interjections
ᦵᦀᧀʔɤj¹final particlevocativeᦟᦴᧅ ᦵᦀᧀ, ᦖᧃᧉ ᦋᦱᧂᧈ ᦣᧅ ᦶᦗᧂ ᦂᧃ ᦤᦸ ᦵᦓᦲ ᦟᦴᧅ.Children, promise to love each other.ᦃᦾᧉ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦙᦱ ᦠᦱ ᦊᦲᧇ ᦀᧁ, ᧟ ᦓᦸᧂᧉ ᦢᦸᧅᧈ ᦞᦱᧈ, ᦺᦔ ᦏᦱᧉ ᦀᧁ ᦀᦻᧉ ᦗᦲᧈ ᦵᦀᧀ.I was going to steal it, and my sister told me, 'Don't take it, older brother.'9.6.3.4Markers of direct address
ᦀᧁʔaw¹5001verb (transitive)to take; get; receive; acceptᦀᧁ ᦷᦆ ᧞ ᦗᦻᧈ ᦐᦲ ᦵᦉ ᦷᦕ.She took her things and fled from her husband.ᦃᦾᧉ ᦈᧅ ᦺᦔ ᦀᧁ ᦊᦱ ᦙᦱ ᦠᦹᧉ.I will fetch some medicine for you.ᦀᧁ ᦇᦹᧃ ᦅᦱᧈ ᦵᦆᦲᧂᧈ ᦶᦌᧈ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦡᦻ.He accepts money only for spare parts.3.3.5.1Accept2verb (transitive)'Manipulated Object Marker'; marks the object of a transitive verb, or the instrument used in an actionᦃᧁ ᦀᧁ ᦃᧁᧉ ᦺᦔ ᦃᦻ.They sold the rice (took the rice and sold it).ᦃᧁ ᦑᦱᧃᧈ ᦀᧁ ᦞᦲᧉ ᦌᦱ ᦺᦉᧈ ᦚᦳᧃᧈ ᦶᦕᧈ ᦉᦸᧃ.They taught methods of applying fertiliser (took methods and taught them).ᦣᦳᧂᧉ ᦀᧁ ᦃᦱ ᦶᦠᧂᧈ ᦙᧃ ᦍᦳᧄᧈ ᦡᦽᧉ ᦶᦂᧁᧉ ᦟᦴᧅ ᦓᧃᧉ.The eagle grabbed the gem with its talon (took its talon and grabbed the gem).9.5.1.2Instrument9.5.1Primary cases3prepositiongetting; toward (often untranslatable in English)ᦆᦸᧆ ᦀᧁ ᦺᦃᧈ.She uncovered (getting) the egg.7.4.3Get4post-verbsuccessfully; bringing to completionᦍᦲᧃ ᦡᦲ ᧞, ᦷᦎ ᦵᦡᧁ ᦅᦾᧈ ᦶᦎᧄᧉ ᦀᧁ.Thank you, I will write it myself.6.1.3.2Succeedᦀᧁᦂᧃᦀᧁᦂᦱᧃᦀᧁᦺᦈᦀᧁᦺᦈᦀᧁᦆᦸᦀᧁᦺᦈᦺᦉᧈᦀᧁᦺᦈᦷᦜᧂᦀᧁᦈᦲᧆᦺᦉᧈᦺᦈᦀᧁᦋᦲᦞᦲᧆᦀᧁᦋᦲᦞᦲᧆᦟᦸᧆᦀᧁᦷᦑᧆᦀᧁᦎᦱᦀᧁᦔᦲᧃᦐᧅᦀᧁᦷᦕᦀᧁᦷᦖᧅᦀᧁᦺᦈᦀᧁᦵᦗᧆᦀᧁᦗᦻᦀᧁᦵᦙᦀᧁᦺᦞᧉᦀᧁᦞᧃᦀᧁᦆᦹᧃᦀᧁᦠᦻᦀᧁᦶᦣᧂᦵᦂᧇᦇᧁᦀᧁᦧᦸᧃᦂᦱᧃᧉᦀᧁᦷᦆᦺᦉᧈᦷᦑᧆᦀᧁᦎᦱᦷᦎᦵᦡᧁᦵᦣᧆᦀᧁᦏᦹᦀᧁᦓᧇᦀᧁᦓᧇᦺᦡᧉᦓᧇᦀᧁᦢᧅᦋᦹᧈᦀᧁᦵᦉᧂᦶᦣᧃᧉᦷᦋᧈᦀᧁᦔᦱᧃ
ᦀᧃʔan¹2000classifierclassifier for counting small things such as coins, bones, pieces, bitsᦎᦸᧃᧈ 2ᦂᦸᧃᧉ ᦋᦹᧃ ᧓ ᦀᧃ.Three lumps of lead.ᦷᦣᧇ ᦣᦱᧂᧈ ᦙᦳᧃ ᧔ ᦀᧃ,Four round shapes.ᦶᦖᧃᧈ ᦗᧁᧈ ᧒ ᦀᧃ.Two loaves of bread.ᦷᦠ ᦙᦱᧂᧉ ᧒ ᦀᧃ.Two erasers.ᦶᦛᧃ ᧓ ᦀᧃ.Three rings.ᦔᦲᧉᦎᦱᧃᧈ ᦙᦲ ᦂᦲᧈ ᦀᧃ?How many pencils are there?ᦶᦕᧃᧈ ᦚᦱᧂᧈ ᦎᦱᧈ ᦈᦲᧃᧈ ᧒ ᦀᧃ.Two magnifying glasses.9.2.6.1Classifiersᦂᦲᧇᧈ᧒ᦀᧃ
ᦀᧃᧉʔan³500nounthat thing; a situation like thatᦵᦣᧆ ᦡᧂᧈ ᦀᧃᧉ ᧓ ᦵᦑᦲᧈ.He did that three times.ᦅᧃ ᦀᧃᧉ ᦓᦲᦰ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦙᦹᧂ ᦺᦔ ᦃᦳᧆ ᦌᦻ ᦡᦴ.If that is the case, go dig in the sand and look for it.ᦙᧃ ᦞᦱᧈ ᦍᧇ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦗᦸ ᦵᦑᦲᧈ, ᦞᦱᧈ ᦀᧃᧉ.He said he hadn't caught enough yet; that's what he said.9.1.5General adverbsᦃᦲᧉᦀᧃᧉᦵᦉᧂᦀᧃᧉᦺᦢᧉᦀᧂᧈᦓᧄᧉᦑᦳᧃᧈᦢᧁᧈᦀᧃᧉ
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