ᦵᦉᦲᧈ2sɤɤ²1nouncommune6.5.1.3Land, property4.6.7.4Community2classifierclassifier for communes9.2.6.1ClassifiersᦅᦳᧂᧈᦵᦉᦲᧈᦵᦉᦲᧈᦃᦼᧈᦋᦴᦊᦲᧈᦵᦉᦲᧈᦶᦍᧃᧉᦟᧁᧉᦵᦉᦲᧈChinese社she4agency
9. Grammar
ᦺᦉᧈsaj²5001verb (transitive)to put into; put ontoᦌᦹᧉ ᦵᦂᦲ ᦙᦱ ᦺᦉᧈ ᦖᦸᧉ.He bought some salt and put it in the pot.ᦶᦔᧂ ᦷᦠ ᦓᦱᧅ ᦺᦉᧈ ᦷᦠ ᦵᦣᦲ ᦓᧃᧉ.He made a Naga head and put it on the prow of the boat.7.5.2.3Add to something7.3.2.6Put in2prepositionat (as in shout at, laugh at)ᦶᦕᧆ ᦺᦉᧈ ᦟᦴᧅ.He shouted at his son.ᦙᧃ ᦋᧅ ᦐᦱᧉ ᦣᦻᧉ ᦺᦉᧈ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦵᦉᧁᧈ.He glared at his friend.3prepositioninto; onto; at. [Note: This preposition often marks the object of verbs such as 'see', 'meet', 'find', 'hit', or the object of emotions.]ᦀᧁ ᦓᦱᧆ ᦂᦱᧂ ᦺᦉᧈ ᦃᧁ.He pointed a gun at them.ᦷᦠ ᦑᦳᧇ ᦺᦉᧈ ᦖᦱᧅ ᦠᦲᧃ.His head hit a rock.ᦠᧃ ᦺᦉᧈ ᦵᦙ.He saw his wife.ᦉᧂ ᦂᦱ ᦺᦉᧈ ᦑᦱᧃᧈ.They were suspicious of him.7.5.2.3Add to something7.3.2.6Put in8.5.1.3On9.5.1Primary casesᦀᧁᦈᦲᧆᦺᦉᧈᦺᦈᦺᦈᦺᦉᧈᦺᦉᧈᦺᦈᦺᦉᧈᦉᦳᧃᧉᦺᦉᧈᦋᦹᧈᦺᦉᧈᦋᦻᦎᦱᦺᦉᧈᦷᦑᧆᦺᦉᧈᦷᦑᧆᦀᧁᦎᦱᦺᦉᧈᦑᦹᧃᦺᦉᧈᦷᦖᧅᦺᦉᧈᦺᦈᦺᦉᧈᦜᦲᧄᧉᦈᦲᧄᦶᦌᧈᦶᦎᧃᧈᦋᦹᦺᦉᧈᦟᦻᦏᦱᧂᦺᦣᧈᦺᦉᧈᦓᦱᦓᧄᧉᦶᦙᧈᦶᦩᦺᦉᦔᦳᧅᧈᦺᦣᧈᦺᦉᧈᦓᦱᦠᦴᦺᦛᦺᦈᦺᦉᧈᦷᦠᧆᦺᦣᧈᦺᦉᧈᦓᦱᦵᦣᧆᦺᦣᧈᦺᦉᧈᦷᦉᧃᦵᦣᧆᦺᦣᧈᦺᦉᧈᦓᦱ
ᦉᦻ1saaj¹5001nounstring; line; beam; rayᦉᦻ ᦞᦱᧁᧈ.Kite string.ᦉᦻ ᦺᦝ ᦒᦱᧆ.Torch beam.ᦉᦻ ᦶᦎᧃᧈ ᦧᦱᧈ.Telegraph wire.ᦉᦻ ᦎᦱ ᦞᧃ ᦏᦸᧂᧈ ᦈᧇ ᦷᦠ.The sun's beams beat on her head.8.3.1.2Line6.6.4.1Cordage2classifierclassifier for rope, roads, rivers, wires, currents, raysᦉᦻ ᦺᦝ ᧒ ᦉᦻ ᦏᦸᧉ ᦎᦱ.Two beams of light struck their eyes.9.2.6.1Classifiersᦷᦃᦉᦻᦉᦻᦀᦲᧃᦉᦻᦂᦳᧂᦉᦻᦶᦃᧇᦉᦻᦆᦸᦉᦻᦆᦱᧆᦉᦻᦺᦈᦉᦻᦊᦱᧂᦉᦻᦵᦋᦲᧅᦉᦻᦌᦸᦉᦻᦵᦍᧁᧈᦉᦻᦺᦍᦉᦻᦎᦱᦉᦻᦎᦲᧂᧈᦉᦻᦏᧁᦉᦻᦑᦾᦉᦻᦑᦱᧂᦉᦻᦓᧄᧉᦉᦻᦖᦱᧅᦶᦎᧅᧈᦉᦻᦗᦱᦉᦻᦵᦜᧅᦉᦻᦝᦱᧉᦉᦻᦝᦱᧉᦙᦶᦟᧇᦉᦻᦺᦝᦉᦻᦞᧃᦉᦻᦵᦟᦲᧆᦉᦻᦵᦟᦲᧆᦉᦻᦟᦳᧄᦉᦻᦟᦳᧄᦉᦻᦶᦠᧈᦉᦻᦶᦠᧈᦉᦻᦢᦹᦉᦻᦶᦡᧆᧈᦉᦻᦡᦲᧃᦉᦻᦡᦳᧆᧈᦉᦻᦵᦢᧆᦉᦻᦢᦹᦉᦻᦢᧁᧈᦔᦲᧃᦟᦻᦉᦻᦣᧂᧉᦉᧁᦉᦻᦉᦲᧃᧉᦉᦻᦉᦹᧇᧈᦉᦻᦵᦋᦲᧉᦉᦻᦎᦲᦉᦻᦎᦲᧆᦉᦻᦷᦏᧈᦉᦻᦵᦉᦲᧉᦓᧄᧉᦝᦱᧉᦉᦻᦚᦳᧃᦟᦱᧅᦉᦻ
ᦉᧂ1saŋ¹ᦌᦱ25001interrogative pronounwhat; whichᦂᦲᧃ ᦉᧂ?What are you eating?ᦈᧁᧉ ᦙᧃ ᦋᦹᧈ ᦉᧂ?What is your name?9.2.3.4Question words2interrogative pronounwhyᦩᦻ ᦷᦎ ᦓᦲᦰ ᦉᧂ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦙᦲ ᦃᧁ ᦣᦱ?Why does this water buffalo have no horns?9.2.3.4Question words3demonstrative pronounany; anything; somethingᦙᧃ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦞᦱᧈ ᦅᧄ ᦉᧂ.She didn't say anything.ᦙᦹᧂ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦙᦲ ᦑᦲᧈ ᦷᦜᧈ ᦉᧂ.You don't have any desirable qualities.ᦵᦗᦲᧃᧈ ᦙᦲ ᦉᧂ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦋᦱᧂᧈ ᦣᦸᧂᧉ ᦺᦔ ᦡᦾᧉ.When they have something they will call you to go eat.9.2.3.2Indefinite pronounsᦎᦱᧄᦉᧂᦑᦲᧈᦉᧂᦵᦓᦲᧉᦐᧂᦙᧂᦉᧂᦔᦲᧃᦉᧂᦵᦖᦲᧃᦉᧂᦢᧁᧈᦉᧂᦵᦣᧆᦉᧂ
ᦉᦱᧁsaaw¹5001nounyoung woman; unmarried womanᦅᦳᧃ1 3ᦉᦱᧁ 2ᦍᦲᧂ1 2ᦉᦱᧁ ᦢᦱᧁᧈ.Young women and young men.ᦊᦸᧅᧈ ᦉᦱᧁ.Flirt with young women.ᦟᦴᧅ ᦓᦸᧂᧉ ᦖᦴᧈ ᦁᧃ ᦔᦲᧃ ᦉᦱᧁ ᦓᧃᧉ ᦵᦉ ᦙᧃ ᦷᦋ ᦀᦸᧅᧈ ᦺᦔ ᦵᦉᧈ ᦵᦉᧈ.His employees who were unmarried women, he often took them on dates.2.6.5.2Woman2.6.4.4Adult2classifierclassifier for young womenᦘ ᦍᦱ ᦘᦳᧄ ᦙᦲ ᦟᦴᧅ ᦍᦲᧂ ᧗ ᦉᦱᧁ.Brahma had seven daughters.9.2.6.1Classifiersᦀᦲᦰᦉᦱᧁᦶᦀᧁᧈᦉᦱᧁᦉᦴᧈᦉᦱᧁᦉᦱᧁᦏᧁᧉᦉᦱᧁᦏᧁᧉᦉᦱᧁᦵᦠᦲᧅᧈᦉᦱᧁᦖᦻᦋᦴᧉᦣᧅᦉᦱᧁᦶᦗᧂᦍᦲᧂᦉᦱᧁᦐᦱᧉᦉᦱᧁᦓᦱᧂᦉᦱᧁᦜᦲᧃᧉᦉᦱᧁᦢᦱᧁᧈᦉᦱᧁ
ᦉᧂᧈ1saŋ²20001verb (transitive)to commandᦖᦸ ᦊᦱ ᦉᧂᧈ ᦺᦞᧉ ᦂᦲᧃ ᦊᦱ.The doctor told me to take medicine.ᦉᧂᧈ ᦟᦴᧅ ᦎᦳᧃ ᦺᦞᧉ ᦞᦱᧈ: “ᦢᧁᧈ ᦏᦱᧉ ᦺᦔ ᦅᦱᧉ ᦺᦔ ᦃᦻ ᦺᦓ ᦵᦞᧂ ᦵᦓᦲ.”He told his son, 'You shouldn't go buying and selling in the city.'4.5.3.2Command2verb (transitive)to take leave ofᦵᦙᦲᧈ ᦡᦲ ᦉᧂᧈ ᦂᧃ ᦓᧃᧉ, ᦊᦲᧇ ᦙᦹ ᦀᦲᦰ ᦓᦱᧂ ᧞ ᦢᦲᧇᧈ ᦅᧄ ᧚.As they parted, he took her hand and gave it a squeeze.3.5.1.4.4Say farewell3classifierclassifier for commandsᦉᧂᧈ ᧑᧐ ᦉᧂᧈ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦗᦲᧆ ᦈ ᦟᦰ ᦓᦱ ᦡᦲ.He commanded her ten times to be careful.9.2.6.1Classifiersᦅᧄᦉᧂᧈᦉᧂᧈᦁᧄᦟᦱᦉᧂᧈᦉᦸᧃᦉᧂᧈᦵᦐᧇᦵᦐᧇᦉᧂᧈ
ᦉᧂᦂᦱ1saŋ¹kaa¹2000verb (intransitive)to wonder; doubt; suspect; be sceptical; be suspiciousᦙᧃ ᦉᧂ ᦂᦱ ᦊᦴᧈ, ᦂᦴ ᦺᦋᧈ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦺᦋᧈ ᦵᦑᧁ ᦜᦳᧂ ᦵᦠᦲᧃᧉ?He wondered, am I lost?ᦈᧇ ᦍᧇ ᦺᦡᧉ ᦅᦳᧃ ᦉᧂ ᦂᦱ ᦕᦲᧆ ᦷᦑᧆ ᧖ ᦅᦳᧃ.They arrested six people suspected of crimes.ᦵᦍᧂᧈ ᦝᧂ ᦵᦍᧂᧈ ᦉᧂ ᦂᦱ ᦅᧄ ᦟᦴᧅ ᦎᧁᧉ.The more he listened the more he doubted the word of his son.ᦅᧃ ᦞᦱᧈ ᦵᦓᦲᧉ ᦺᦖᧉ、 ᦺᦀ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦌᧁ, ᦉᧂ ᦂᦱ ᦔᦲᧃ ᦘᦰ ᦍᦱᧆ ᦟᦱᧄ ᦈᧇ.If they have a fever, and cough without stopping, you should suspect that they have a communicable disease.3.2.5.2Disbelief9.4.4.6Unsure3.2.5.3Doubtᦅᧄᦉᧂᦂᦱᦉᧂᦂᦱᦺᦈᦑᦲᧈᦉᧂᦂᦱᦩᦱᧄᦉᧂᦂᦱ
ᦉᦱᧂᧉᦶᦎᧂᧈsaaŋ³tæŋ²2000verb (transitive)to build; develop; improve (can be separated)ᦑᦱᧃᧈ ᦀᦸᧃ ᦷᦠ ᦷᦋ ᦗᦱ ᦗᦸᧈ ᦺᦣᧈ ᦶᦙᧈ ᦓᦱ ᧖ ᦣᦾᧉ ᦅᦳᧃ ᦉᦱᧂᧉ ᦶᦎᧂᧈ ᦠᦳᧃ ᦑᦱᧂ.He led a group of 600 farmers in building the road.ᦗᦸᧂᦰ ᦣᦸᧄ ᦇᦹᧃ ᦉᦱᧂᧉ ᦶᦎᧂᧈ ᦵᦖᦲᧂ ᦚᦻ ᧗ ᦣᦾᧉ ᦖᦹᧃᧈ ᦶᦍᧃᧉ.They have collected seven million yuan to develop irrigation.9.1.2.6Change something8.3.7.6Improve6.5Working with buildingsᦉᦱᧂᧉᦶᦎᧂᧈᦂᦱᧃᦉᦱᧂᧉᦶᦎᧂᧈ
ᦉᦱᧂᧉsaaŋ³500verb (transitive)to build; createᦑᦱᧃᧈ ᦉᦱᧂᧉ ᦷᦣᧂ ᦀᦲᧆᧈ ᦀᦾᧉ ᦀᦸᧅᧈ ᦙᦱ.He built a sugarcane factory.ᦘ ᦍᦱ ᦀᦲᧃ ᦟᦳᧂ ᦙᦱ ᦉᦱᧂᧉ ᦷᦟᧅ ᦉᦳᧂ ᦉᦱᧃ.Indra came down and created the world.ᦎᦴ ᦃᦾᧉ ᧒ ᦅᦳᧃ ᦋᦱᧆ ᦀᦸᧃ ᦺᦡᧉ ᦉᦱᧂᧉ ᦂᧄ ᦵᦞᧃ ᦂᧇ ᦂᧃ.The two of us built a friendship in a former life.ᦣᧁ ᦅᦾᧈ ᦔᦳᧂ ᦺᦈ ᦉᦱᧂᧉ ᦵᦙᦲᧂ ᦅᧄᧉ ᦕ ᦵᦑᧆ ᦺᦊᧈ.Let us focus on building our country and supporting our great nation.9.1.2.3Createᦂᦸᧈᦉᦱᧂᧉᦂᦱᧃᦉᦱᧂᧉᦂᦱᧃᦵᦞᧅᦉᦱᧂᧉᦃᦸᧂᦉᦱᧂᧉᦃᦸᧆᧈᦂᧄᦉᦱᧂᧉᦵᦞᧃᦵᦆᦲᧂᧈᦉᦱᧂᧉᦉᦱᧂᧉᦂᧄᦉᦱᧂᧉᦵᦞᧃᦉᦱᧂᧉᦂᧄᦵᦞᧃᦉᦱᧂᧉᦶᦎᧂᧈᦉᦱᧂᧉᦶᦔᧂᦉᦹᧇᧈᦉᦱᧂᧉᦊᦱᧃᧈᦉᦱᧂᧉᦎᧂᧉᦉᦱᧂᧉᦓᧄᧉᦉᦱᧂᧉᦵᦣᧆᦉᦱᧂᧉᦵᦣᧆᦵᦞᧅᦵᦣᧆᦉᦱᧂᧉ
ᦉᦱᧂᧉᦶᦔᧂsaaŋ³pæŋ¹verb (transitive)to manufacture; build (can be separated)ᦷᦣᧂ ᦂᦱᧃ ᦡᦹᧅ ᦌᧁ ᦉᦱᧂᧉ ᦶᦔᧂ.The factory ceased production.ᦉᦱᧂᧉ ᦶᦔᧂ ᦷᦃ ᦠᦲᧃ ᦀᦸᧅᧈ ᦙᦱ ᧑᧖ ᦑᦲᧈ.They built stone bridges in sixteen places.9.1.2.5Makeᦉᦱᧂᧉᦶᦔᧂᦂᦱᧃᦉᦱᧂᧉᦶᦔᧂᦗᦸᧅᦉᦱᧂᧉᦶᦔᧂ
ᦉᦲᧃᧉ1sin³20001nounlineᦃᦲᧆᧈ ᦉᦲᧃᧉ.Draw a line.8.3.1.2Line2nounnoodlesᦀᧁ ᦃᧁᧉ ᦀᧁ ᦉᦲᧃᧉ?Shall we eat rice or noodles?5.2.3.4Prepared food3classifierclassifier for lines (such as roads, rivers, thread, rope, bars, hair, feathers, blades of grass, noodles)ᦕᦳᧄ ᦷᦠ ᦉᦲᧃᧉ ᧚.A single hair.ᦎᦸᧅᧈ ᦉᦲᧇ ᦉᦲᧃᧉ.Ten strips of bamboo twine.ᦃᦳᧆ ᦵᦖᦲᧂ ᦺᦖᧈ ᧙ ᦉᦲᧃᧉ.They dug nine new irrigation canals.ᦉᦲᧃᧉ ᧚ ᦑᦱᧂ ᦣᦴ ᦕᦱ, ᦷᦟᧆ ᦔᦸᧂᧈ ᦶᦕᧁ ᦵᦙᦲᧂ ᦟᦱᧉ.One road goes through a tunnel so cars can get through to Meng La.9.2.6.1Classifiersᦃᧁᧉᦓᦳᧄᦉᦲᧃᧉᦉᦲᧃᧉᦉᦻᦉᦲᧃᧉᦕᦳᧄᦉᦲᧃᧉᦚᦻᧉᦉᦲᧃᧉᦵᦟᦲᧆᦔᦱᦉᦲᧃᧉᦃᦹᧃ
ᦉᦲᧃᧉᦉᦻsin³saaj¹classifierclassifier for lines, strings, streaks (can be separated)ᦢᧂᧉ ᦺᦝ ᦗᦳᧂᧈ ᦃᦹᧃᧉ ᦝᦱᧉ ᦔᦲᧃ ᦉᦲᧃᧉ ᦔᦲᧃ ᦉᦻ.Fireworks shot up into the sky in streaks.8.3.1.2Line9.2.6.1Classifiersᦉᦲᧃᧉ1ᦉᦻ1ᦉᦲᧃᧉᦑᦱᧈᦉᦻᦑᦱᧂᦉᦲᧃᧉᦓᧄᧉᦉᦻᦵᦖᦲᧂᦉᦲᧃᧉᦵᦟᦲᧆᦉᦻᦟᦳᧄᦉᦹᧇᧈᦉᦲᧃᧉᦉᦹᧇᧈᦉᦻ
ᦉᦳᧄᦙᦱsum¹maa⁴1exclamationpardon me! forgive me! ᦉᦳᧄ ᦙᦱ ᦤᦸ.Pardon me!4.8.4.6.1Request forgiveness9.2.7Interjections2verb (intransitive)to excuse; make one's excuses; apologiseᦃᧁ ᦙᦱ ᦷᦓᧇ ᦢᦱᧆ ᦉᦳᧄ ᦙᦱ.They came to bow at his feet and ask forgiveness.7.2.6.4Set free4.8.4.6.1Request forgiveness3.3.4.3Exemptᦃᦸᦉᦳᧄᦙᦱ
ᦉᧅ1sak²ᦉᦲ4500numeraljust; as little as. [Note: Often used with a negative 'not even one'.]ᦙᦾᧈ ᦌᧁ ᦉᧅ ᦐᦾᧈ.Rest just a little.ᦊᦱᧈ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦙᦲ ᦣᦴ ᦉᧅ ᦑᦲᧈ.Don't let there be even one hole.ᦢᧁᧈ ᦙᦲ ᦺᦕ ᦙᦱ ᦋᦾᧈ ᦉᧅ ᦅᦳᧃ.No one came to help him, not even one person.ᦺᦗᧉ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦷᦋ ᦙᦱ ᦉᧅ ᦵᦑᦲᧈ.Their daughter-in-law hadn't invited them to visit even once.9.3.1.2To a small degree8.1.5.7Onlyᦉᧅᦀᦲᧆᦉᧅᦐᦾᧈᦉᧅᦅᦻᦉᧅᦅᧄ
ᦉᦸᧅᧈsɔɔk²20001nounelbowᦃᦸᧉ 4ᦆᦴᧉ ᦉᦸᧅᧈ.He bent his elbow.ᦀᧁ ᦃᦸᧂᧉ ᦂᦸᦰ ᦉᦸᧅᧈ.She hooked the basket on her elbow.2.1.3.1Arm2classifiercubit; the length of a forearm; a unit of measure from fingertip to elbowᦣᦸᧂᧈ ᦉᦲᧃᧉ ᦓᦲᦰ ᦓᧄᧉ ᦦᦱᧂᧉ ᦙᦲ ᦅᦱᧈ ᧒ ᦉᦸᧅᧈ.This stream is only two cubits wide.8.2.2Long9.2.6.1Classifiersᦶᦃᧃᦉᦸᧅᧈᦶᦃᧇᦉᦸᧅᧈᦺᦙᧉᦶᦑᧅᦉᦸᧅᧈᦙᦱᧁᧉᦶᦃᧃᦶᦛᧃᦉᦸᧅᧈ
ᦉᦳᧆ1sut²20001nounend; limitᦎᦱᧄ ᦺᦈ ᦡᦲᧃᧉ ᦉᦳᧆ ᦞᧃ.They played happily until the end of the day.ᦺᦃ ᦢᦸᧅᧈ ᦎᧂᧉ ᦶᦎᧈ ᦅᧁᧉ ᦶᦕᧁ ᦣᦸᧆ ᦉᦳᧆ ᦔᦻ.He told the story from beginning to end.8.6.7End, point2verb (intransitive)to end; come to an endᦉᦳᧆ ᦅᧄ ᦅᦹᧆ ᦅᧄ ᦘᦸᧂ ᦵᦉ.He was all out of ideas.ᦑᦲᧈ ᦑᦱᧂ ᦓᦾᧉ ᦉᦳᧆ ᦠᧃᧉ, ᦙᦲ ᦢᦸᧈ ᦢᦸᧈ ᧚.Where the path ends there is a well.8.4.6.1.3End3adjectivelast; finalᦷᦢᧆ ᦵᦣᧃ ᦔᦸᧆ ᦉᦳᧆ.The last part of the lesson.8.4.5.1.4Last4post-verbmost; -est. [Note: This follows an adjective to create a superlative.]ᦏᦱᧃᧉ ᦉᦳᧂ ᦉᦳᧆ.The highest level.8.1.5.5Most, least9.3.1Degreeᦁᦱᦟᦱᦉᦳᧆᦃᦜᦐᦱᧆᦂᦳᧄᧉᦷᦋᧈᦉᦳᧆᦔᦱᧃᦉᦳᧆᦃᦐᦱᧆᦉᦳᧆᦅᧄᦅᦹᧆᦉᦳᧆᦍᦸᧆᦉᦳᧆᦍᦸᧆᦑᦱᧄᦔᦻᦉᦳᧆᦎᦱᦉᦳᧆᦶᦎᧈᦉᦳᧆᦑᦲᧈᦉᦳᧆᦒᦲᦉᦳᧆᦷᦖᧅᦌᧄᧉᦺᦈᦉᦳᧆᦞᦲᧉᦺᦉᦑᦲᧈᦉᦳᧆᦑᦲᧈᦉᦳᧆᦑᦲᧈᦌᦾᧉᦒᦲᦉᦳᧆᦕᦳᧆᦉᦳᧆᦕᧆᦉᧆᦺᦙᧉᦅᧄᦉᦳᧆᦺᦙᧉᦉᦳᧆ
